Who was the first Muslim king of India?
Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Ghori also known as Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Bin Sam (1173-1206), the King of Ghor, wanted to establish Muslim rule in India. In his ninth expedition to India he captured Delhi and Ajmer from Prithviraj Chauhan in the battle of Tarain (2nd battle) in 1192. When Ghori returned to Ghor, he left his Indian possession in charge of his faithful slave Qutub-ud-din Aibak. After Ghori’s death, Qutub-ud-din ascended the throne of Delhi and established the Slave dynasty, which was successively ruled by four other Muslim dynasties (the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids and the Lodis), collectively known as the Delhi Sultanate.
According to historical records Mastani, a Muslim princess, entered Baji Rao's life in 1729 or 1730. In 1734, Shamsher Bahadur was born to her. Shamsher died in the battle of Panipat (between Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas in 1761).
Baji Rao was leading a licentious life after his marriage with Mastani. He indulged in the bad habits of drinking and eating flesh. The members of the Peshwa’s family resolved in separating her from him. Baji Rao left Pune and went to Patas. However, on account of his separation from Mastani, the Peshwa still persisted the wild course of debauchery. And he promised to gave up drinking if Mastani was restored to him. His request was denied and Mastani was put under strict confinement at Pune. Peshwa Baji Rao, who was deeply afflicted by the separation of Mastani, died few days after a sudden breakdown (1740).
When Mastani got the news of the tragical death of Baji Rao, she was in a shock and died immediately. It is not known how she met her end; she might have died of heart failure or might have committed suicide. Her tomb is located at Pabal.
Sultan Muhammad Ghori of Ghurid dynasty defeated the Chauhan ruler Prithviraj in the battle of Tarain in 1192 and laid the foundations of Muslim rule in India. In 1193, Ghori defeated the Kannauj ruler Raja Jai Chand in the battle of Chandawar and before his return to Ghazni, Ghori conferred on his faithful slave Qutub-ud-din Aibak the vice-royalty of India. Ghori was murdered in 1206. At that period there were no other powerful Hindu rulers in India. Thus Delhi became Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526). Aibak became the sovereign of India and thus commenced the first Muslim dynasty.
Below topics might be interesting to read:
Hemu, titled Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, was the prime minister of the Afghan Suri emperor Muhammad Adil Shah. He was basically a grocer of Dhusar caste who rose into high position during the reign of Sher Shah's son Salim Shah Suri. Hemu successfully defeated the enemies of Adil Shah and gradually became the de facto ruler of Sur empire. Upon the death of Humayun (1556), Hemu captured Agra and Delhi.
Meanwhile, Humayun's son Akbar was coronated at Punjab and Bairam Khan became his guardian and regent. Bairam Khan sent the Mughal forces to Delhi to fight Hemu. Unfortunately (or fortunately?) Hemu was killed in the battle of Panipat (2nd battle), which resulted in the re-establishment of Mughal dynasty under Akbar.
"The city of Vijayanagar is such that eye has not seen nor ear heard of any place resembling it upon the whole earth...The jewelers sell their rubies and pearls and diamonds and emeralds openly in the bazaar." Source is Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain written by Abdur Razzak, the ambassador of the Timurid ruler Mirza Shah Rukh to Vijayanagar.
The five Deccan kingdoms: Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golconda, Bidar and Berar are collectively known as the Deccan Sultanates.
The battle of Talikota was fought between Rama Raya, the old-aged ruler of Vijayanagar, and the four Deccan Sultanates: Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golconda and Bidar, in the neighborhood of the two villages Raksas and Tagdi. The kingdom of Berar did not took part in this battle.
In this battle Rama Raya was defeated and beheaded by the Ahmednagar Sultan Hussein Nizam Shah, which marked the decline of the mighty Vijayanagar kingdom.
Who killed Hemu is a controversial matter. Abul Fazl states that it was not Akbar who killed Hemu: "Shah Quli Khan brought in Hemu bound. Though they questioned him, he out of uncouthness made no reply. Perhaps he was unable to speak, or he was overwhelmed by shame and indisposed to say anything. Bairam Khan Khan Khanan begged H.M. the Shahinshah to slay with this own sacred hand this stock of sedition, and to acquire merit by a holy combat. That lord of wisdom ...replied...that....his lofty spirit did not permit him to slay a captive and that it seemed to him that in the justice-hall of the Only One there was nothing meritorious in such an act. Though simple loyalists importuned and pressed him, the Shahinshah showed himself more and more averse to the proceeding....At last Bairam Khan Khan Khanan when he perceived that H.M. was not inclined to take his view, withdrew from the attempt, and...himself became engaged in the acquisition of this fancied merit, and with his sword cleansed the world from the contamination of his existence."
On the contrary Vincent Smith argues that it was Akbar himself who beheaded Hemu.
Ferishta, Nizamuddin Ahmad and many other historians supports the view of Abul Fazl. Jahangir also confirms this. Badauni and the author of Dalpatvilas, a contemporary Rajput chronicle, also shares the same view.
Hemu was born in a poor Hindu family belonged to the Dhusar or traders caste in Alwar. He sold saltpeter in the streets of Rewari. He was very ambitious, intelligent and hard working.
He later supplied saltpeter to Sher Shah's army. His rise to prominence took place when he came to the notice of Salim Shah who made him Superintendent of the Markets. Subsequently he was made Superintendent of Posts and Chief of Intelligence.
It was Salim Shah's successor Adil Shah who raised him to high dignity. When Hemu successfully crushed the Karranians, Adil Shah gave him the title of Raja Vikramaditya and also promoted him to the post of prime minister. He waged war against Adil Shah’s opponents and was victorious in all of them.
When he got possession of Agra and Delhi after Humayun's death, Hemu became the de facto ruler of the Suri empire.
We can not predict what would have happened if Hemu had won the Panipat battle. He would have declared his independence? or placed his master Adil Shah on the Delhi throne?
Who is invader here? I studied history till 10th only. At that time history was just history and not politics.
Prithviraj Chauhan is important in history because he was the last Hindu ruler of Delhi. However, let's not forget Hemu, the general of Adil Shah Suri. If you are so much interested in history why don’t you do independent research like I do.
What’s the qualification of Akshay Kumar to talk about this? Is he an actor or history scholar? According to him Prithviraj Chauhan who was killed in 1192 travelled to future and killed Ghori in 1206.
How did Mastani die? What then happened to her son?
According to historical records Mastani, a Muslim princess, entered Baji Rao's life in 1729 or 1730. In 1734, Shamsher Bahadur was born to her. Shamsher died in the battle of Panipat (between Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas in 1761).
Baji Rao was leading a licentious life after his marriage with Mastani. He indulged in the bad habits of drinking and eating flesh. The members of the Peshwa’s family resolved in separating her from him. Baji Rao left Pune and went to Patas. However, on account of his separation from Mastani, the Peshwa still persisted the wild course of debauchery. And he promised to gave up drinking if Mastani was restored to him. His request was denied and Mastani was put under strict confinement at Pune. Peshwa Baji Rao, who was deeply afflicted by the separation of Mastani, died few days after a sudden breakdown (1740).
When Mastani got the news of the tragical death of Baji Rao, she was in a shock and died immediately. It is not known how she met her end; she might have died of heart failure or might have committed suicide. Her tomb is located at Pabal.
Who was the real founder of Muslim rule in India, Ghori or Ghazni?
Sultan Muhammad Ghori of Ghurid dynasty defeated the Chauhan ruler Prithviraj in the battle of Tarain in 1192 and laid the foundations of Muslim rule in India. In 1193, Ghori defeated the Kannauj ruler Raja Jai Chand in the battle of Chandawar and before his return to Ghazni, Ghori conferred on his faithful slave Qutub-ud-din Aibak the vice-royalty of India. Ghori was murdered in 1206. At that period there were no other powerful Hindu rulers in India. Thus Delhi became Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526). Aibak became the sovereign of India and thus commenced the first Muslim dynasty.
What are some important topics on Indian history?
Below topics might be interesting to read:
- Alexander’s invasion of India and defense of the country by Porus
- Mauryan Empire, the kingdom of Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great, his grandson
- Kanishka the Great of Kushan Empire
- Gupta Empire of Magadha
- Harshavardhana
- Muhammad Bin Qasim’s invasion of India and defeat of Rai Dahir
- Rajaraja Chola of Chola empire
- Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni, Muhammad Ghori and Timur
- Prithviraj Chauhan of Delhi
- Delhi Sultanate: Slave, Khilji, Tughluq, Sayyid and Lodi dynasties
- Bahmanis and the Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar, Bidar and Berar)
- Krishnadeva Raya of Vijayanagar Kingdom
- The Mughal Empire
- The Maratha Empire of Pune and the Peshwas
- King Hemu, last Hindu ruler of Delhi
- Empire of Sher Shah Suri
- Wodeyar rulers of Mysore
- Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan
- The coming of the Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British
- Kingdoms of Oudh, Carnatic and Hyderabad
- Sikh Empire of Ranjit Singh
- Rajput Kingdoms of Mewar, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ranthambore and others.
- Indian Rebellion of 1857
Who was Hemu?
Hemu, titled Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, was the prime minister of the Afghan Suri emperor Muhammad Adil Shah. He was basically a grocer of Dhusar caste who rose into high position during the reign of Sher Shah's son Salim Shah Suri. Hemu successfully defeated the enemies of Adil Shah and gradually became the de facto ruler of Sur empire. Upon the death of Humayun (1556), Hemu captured Agra and Delhi.
Meanwhile, Humayun's son Akbar was coronated at Punjab and Bairam Khan became his guardian and regent. Bairam Khan sent the Mughal forces to Delhi to fight Hemu. Unfortunately (or fortunately?) Hemu was killed in the battle of Panipat (2nd battle), which resulted in the re-establishment of Mughal dynasty under Akbar.
During Vijayanagara empire period, it appears precious stones were sold on streets. What was it's source?
"The city of Vijayanagar is such that eye has not seen nor ear heard of any place resembling it upon the whole earth...The jewelers sell their rubies and pearls and diamonds and emeralds openly in the bazaar." Source is Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain written by Abdur Razzak, the ambassador of the Timurid ruler Mirza Shah Rukh to Vijayanagar.
Which kingdom was not in the alliance that crushed the Vijayanagar Empire in the Battle of Talikota?
The five Deccan kingdoms: Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golconda, Bidar and Berar are collectively known as the Deccan Sultanates.
The battle of Talikota was fought between Rama Raya, the old-aged ruler of Vijayanagar, and the four Deccan Sultanates: Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golconda and Bidar, in the neighborhood of the two villages Raksas and Tagdi. The kingdom of Berar did not took part in this battle.
In this battle Rama Raya was defeated and beheaded by the Ahmednagar Sultan Hussein Nizam Shah, which marked the decline of the mighty Vijayanagar kingdom.
Who killed Hemu?
Who killed Hemu is a controversial matter. Abul Fazl states that it was not Akbar who killed Hemu: "Shah Quli Khan brought in Hemu bound. Though they questioned him, he out of uncouthness made no reply. Perhaps he was unable to speak, or he was overwhelmed by shame and indisposed to say anything. Bairam Khan Khan Khanan begged H.M. the Shahinshah to slay with this own sacred hand this stock of sedition, and to acquire merit by a holy combat. That lord of wisdom ...replied...that....his lofty spirit did not permit him to slay a captive and that it seemed to him that in the justice-hall of the Only One there was nothing meritorious in such an act. Though simple loyalists importuned and pressed him, the Shahinshah showed himself more and more averse to the proceeding....At last Bairam Khan Khan Khanan when he perceived that H.M. was not inclined to take his view, withdrew from the attempt, and...himself became engaged in the acquisition of this fancied merit, and with his sword cleansed the world from the contamination of his existence."
On the contrary Vincent Smith argues that it was Akbar himself who beheaded Hemu.
Ferishta, Nizamuddin Ahmad and many other historians supports the view of Abul Fazl. Jahangir also confirms this. Badauni and the author of Dalpatvilas, a contemporary Rajput chronicle, also shares the same view.
Why did Hemu serve the Adil Shah Sur dynasty?
Hemu was born in a poor Hindu family belonged to the Dhusar or traders caste in Alwar. He sold saltpeter in the streets of Rewari. He was very ambitious, intelligent and hard working.
He later supplied saltpeter to Sher Shah's army. His rise to prominence took place when he came to the notice of Salim Shah who made him Superintendent of the Markets. Subsequently he was made Superintendent of Posts and Chief of Intelligence.
It was Salim Shah's successor Adil Shah who raised him to high dignity. When Hemu successfully crushed the Karranians, Adil Shah gave him the title of Raja Vikramaditya and also promoted him to the post of prime minister. He waged war against Adil Shah’s opponents and was victorious in all of them.
When he got possession of Agra and Delhi after Humayun's death, Hemu became the de facto ruler of the Suri empire.
We can not predict what would have happened if Hemu had won the Panipat battle. He would have declared his independence? or placed his master Adil Shah on the Delhi throne?
The Bollywood superstar Akshay Kumar said that history textbooks have a lot of information on invaders but hardly two-three lines on Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan. Do you agree on it?
Who is invader here? I studied history till 10th only. At that time history was just history and not politics.
Prithviraj Chauhan is important in history because he was the last Hindu ruler of Delhi. However, let's not forget Hemu, the general of Adil Shah Suri. If you are so much interested in history why don’t you do independent research like I do.
What’s the qualification of Akshay Kumar to talk about this? Is he an actor or history scholar? According to him Prithviraj Chauhan who was killed in 1192 travelled to future and killed Ghori in 1206.
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